Pressure Converter
Convert between pascal, kilopascal, megapascal, bar, millibar, PSI, atmosphere, mmHg, torr, inHg, kgf/cm², and more — all pressure units at once.
All Unit ConvertersAll conversions from 1 pascal
| Unit | Symbol | Value |
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How this pressure converter reconciles twenty four units built from two entirely different measuring traditions
Pressure units split roughly into two families. One family measures force spread over a defined area, which is where PSI and kgf per square centimetre come from. The other measures how high a column of liquid rises under that pressure, which is where millimetres of mercury and inches of water come from. Both are legitimate ways to describe the same physical quantity, and this tool converts freely between them by routing everything through the pascal.
All arithmetic happens client side in JavaScript. Nothing is uploaded, logged, or sent to a server.
Why the pascal is the hub
The pascal is the SI derived unit of pressure, defined by the BIPM as one newton of force per square metre of area. It is small in everyday terms, atmospheric pressure at sea level is over one hundred thousand pascals, which is exactly why kilopascals, bar, and PSI exist as more convenient everyday scales.
| Unit | Symbol | Pascals per unit |
|---|---|---|
| Pascal | Pa | 1 |
| Hectopascal | hPa | 100 |
| Kilopascal | kPa | 1,000 |
| Megapascal | MPa | 1,000,000 |
| Gigapascal | GPa | 1,000,000,000 |
| Bar | bar | 100,000 |
| Millibar | mbar | 100 |
| Microbar | µbar | 0.1 |
| PSI (pound per sq in) | psi | 6,894.757 |
| Kilopound per sq in | ksi | 6,894,757 |
| Standard atmosphere | atm | 101,325 |
| Technical atmosphere | at | 98,066.5 |
| mmHg (mercury) | mmHg | 133.322387 |
| Torr | Torr | 133.322368 |
| Inch of mercury | inHg | 3,386.389 |
| Inch of water | inH₂O | 249.0889 |
| Millimetre of water | mmH₂O | 9.80665 |
| kgf per sq cm | kgf/cm² | 98,066.5 |
| Dyne per sq cm | dyn/cm² | 0.1 |
| Pound per sq ft | psf | 47.880259 |
| Centimetre of mercury | cmHg | 1,333.22387 |
| Millitorr | mTorr | 0.133322368 |
| Centimetre of water | cmH₂O | 98.0665 |
| Foot of water | ftH₂O | 2,989.06692 |
Two atmospheres, not one
Standard atmosphere
Fixed by international agreement at exactly 101,325 pascals, representing typical air pressure at sea level. Used as the reference for defining the torr and for aviation and meteorology baselines.
Technical atmosphere
An older engineering convention equal to exactly one kilogram force per square centimetre, working out to 98,066.5 pascals. It predates the SI system and still appears in some European industrial equipment specs.
Pressure standard references
- BIPM SI Brochure defines the pascal as the SI coherent derived unit of pressure, one newton per square metre.
- NIST guide to SI pressure units covers the standard atmosphere and its exact fixed value.
- ISO 80000-4 is the international standard defining mechanical quantities including pressure and its accepted non-SI units.
Pressure readings in context
Checking tire pressure specs given in PSI against a bar reading on a European pump, converting a weather report's hectopascal figure into inches of mercury for an American barometer, reading a blood pressure cuff's mmHg output alongside a kilopascal figure from a medical device, and translating an industrial gauge reading between bar and technical atmosphere on imported machinery.
Common Questions
Frequently asked questions
How many psi is 1 bar?
1 bar is about 14.5038 psi, and 1 psi is about 0.0689 bar. A car tyre at 2.2 bar is about 32 psi.
What is standard atmospheric pressure?
One standard atmosphere is exactly 101,325 Pa. That is 1.01325 bar, 1,013.25 hPa, 760 Torr and about 14.696 psi.
Are mmHg and Torr the same?
Almost. One Torr is exactly 1/760 of a standard atmosphere, 133.322368 Pa. One conventional mmHg is 133.322387 Pa. The gap is about one part in seven million, so for blood pressure or weather they are interchangeable.
Why do weather reports use hPa or millibars?
A hectopascal and a millibar are the same size, 100 Pa. Meteorologists kept the millibar scale when they moved to SI units, so 1013 mbar and 1013 hPa describe the same air pressure.
Is this pressure converter free?
Yes. It is free, needs no sign up, and all conversions run in your browser. Nothing you enter is sent to a server.
From the blog
Reading around units
Where measurement systems came from and why two of them still argue.